Have you ever looked at someone who just said something to you and you had to say to them “What in the world are you talking about”? Well, this week we find Nicodemus in that exact situation. Nicodemus hadn’t even asked a question yet, and already Jesus had him completely confused. So, let’s take a look at what happened. To begin with, this meeting happened late at night. There is some scholarly disagreement over why Nicodemus wanted to meet Jesus at night, and I think that the general assumption among more casual readers is that Nicodemus wanted to keep things quiet and not to have the other Jewish authorities know that he was there, but look at the text again. Nicodemus didn’t greet Jesus saying “I”, he greeted Him saying “we”. So, Nicodemus probably didn’t come to speak to Jesus on his own, Nicodemus was probably speaking on behalf of at least a few members of the Sanhedrin, if not all of them. As to why the meeting was at night, I suppose it’s possible that Nicodemus was too busy to meet Jesus during the day, or maybe Nicodemus wanted some uninterrupted time with Jesus, which would make sense given how the crowds tended to gather around Jesus whenever He was accessible. Or it could be that Nicodemus just didn’t want to be seen meeting Jesus for some reason. So, any of these could be a potential reason for why they had their meeting at night.
Now, who is Nicodemus anyway? And why did he come, or why was he sent, to meet Jesus? Nicodemus was a Pharisee. According to the Jewish historian Josephus, there were about 6,000 Pharisees in Jerusalem in the early first century. The word “Pharisee” means “separated” and was actually a disparaging name given to them because of their highly separatist attitudes. The Pharisees actually called themselves “The Brotherhood”. Pharisees would enter into “The Brotherhood” by taking a pledge in front of three witnesses that, for the rest of their lives, they would observe every detail of the Law found in the Torah, or the first five books of the Hebrew Bible. But the operative word here is “detail” because it wasn’t just about following the Ten Commandments, and it wasn’t even just about following the 613 Mitzvot or written laws from the Torah. In addition to all of this, the Pharisees also followed the minutiae of a large body of rabbinic commentary that later came to be known as the Talmud and the Mishna. But the Talmud and Mishna were not committed to writing until the second century. So, in Jesus’s time that part of the law was always taught teacher to student. Because of this the teachers of the law held a very important and responsible position. And they were especially important to the Pharisees who spent years learning what all of the laws and interpretations of laws were, just so they could follow them. And so, Nicodemus was a Pharisee and a teacher of the Law. Now, the NIV does not do a good job of translating verse 10, but in the Greek Jesus says to Nicodemus, “You are THE teacher of Israel and you don’t know these things?” Notice that Jesus didn’t say A teacher of Israel, He said THE teacher of Israel, so Nicodemus was a teacher’s teacher; a man at the top of the Jewish educational hierarchy. And as if all of this wasn’t enough, Nicodemus was also on the Sanhedrin. The Sanhedrin was the ruling body in Israel consisting of 70 members. The Sanhedrin had the final say in both government and religious matters and so they were kind of Congress, Supreme Court, and Presbyterian General Assembly, all rolled into one. The Sanhedrin had their own police force and had authority to arrest and imprison people, though capital punishment was a right reserved by Rome. In light of all this, it’s probably fair to say that Nicodemus was very important, very well respected and likely very well off.
Later on in Jesus’s ministry we find several instances of members of the Sanhedrin meeting with Jesus in order to try to trap Him into saying something that would get Him into trouble, but I really do not think that that is what is happening here. I truly believe that Nicodemus was intrigued by Jesus and was sincere in his opening greeting when he said, “Rabbi, we know that you are a teacher who has come from God. For no one could perform the signs you are doing if God were not with him.” Clearly, by the time that Nicodemus and Jesus met, Jesus had already attracted a lot of attention. The fact that this itinerant preacher had performed healings and miracles was common knowledge around Jerusalem and indeed Nicodemus had referenced those miracles, calling them signs, in his initial greeting. And so, what I think is going on here is that Nicodemus, very possibly on behalf of the Sanhedrin, is hoping to find out exactly who this Jesus is, maybe where He received His training, and most important, what’s the deal with the miracles! I would imagine that Nicodemus came expecting a spirited theological debate. But I’m sure that he didn’t expect what came next. Because where Nicodemus’s intent was to try to gather some information, to learn something about Jesus that he could bring back to the Sanhedrin. Jesus was intent on helping Nicodemus to understand his own personal spiritual state. As far as Jesus was concerned, this meeting wasn’t about the Sanhedrin or the Law or the Jewish faith. THIS meeting was about Nicodemus, and Nicodemus only. “Very truly I tell you”, Jesus said, “no one can see the kingdom of God unless they are born again.” And notice that where Nicodemus, when he was speaking to Jesus, was saying “we”, but Jesus, when speaking to Nicodemus, said “You”, directing his comments to Nicodemus personally.
Before we continue, I’d like to take a moment to examine what just happened. To understand a little bit about Pharisaic thought with regard to how the Pharisees viewed their status before God, let’s take a look at how the Apostle Paul described his Pharisee self in Philippians 3, “If someone else thinks they have reasons to put confidence in the flesh, I have more: circumcised on the eighth day, of the people of Israel, of the tribe of Benjamin, a Hebrew of Hebrews; in regard to the law, a Pharisee; as for zeal, persecuting the church; as for righteousness based on the law, faultless.” Pharisees, though cognizant of the fact that only God is perfect, nevertheless viewed themselves as the epitome of righteousness before God. The very reason for the derogatory name “Pharisee” originated in their haughty approach to anyone who wasn’t a Pharisee. The Pharisee’s truly believed that they were God’s most righteous people, and that everyone else was beneath them. And the lengths to which the Pharisees went to follow the Law meticulously, were truly remarkable. They were an extraordinarily faithful people… in their actions.
Any Christian who has ever shared their faith, somewhere along the line has probably had someone say to them, “As long as I’m a good person, that’s all that matters”, but is it? As far as behavior was concerned, the Pharisees were probably just about as good as people are ever going to get, and yet here we have Jesus telling a Pharisee’s Pharisee that he will not see the kingdom of God unless he has more going for him than simply his actions. Nicodemus must have been stunned. The Pharisees were universally admired by the Jewish people as being the most righteous and devout members of Jewish society, and yet here, Nicodemus is being told that all of his righteousness is still not enough for him to be able to see the kingdom of heaven. Is it any wonder that Nicodemus’s next comment was “How can this be?”
There is a worldly way of thinking, and there is a kingdom way of thinking. A few summers ago, I spent several weeks preaching through 1st and 2nd Peter, and talking about the kingdom strategy of thinking as Peter described it. For Peter, there is a clear choice between choosing to live according to the precepts of this world and choosing to live according to kingdom precepts. Those who are of this world take the worldly view that personal goodness is what really matters. But those who are of the kingdom understand that God, and only God is able to declare humans righteous. And even then, it’s not because of what humans do but because God honors human faith in Him and He imputes, or bestows, righteousness because of that faith. The Pharisees took the worldly view, defining righteousness as right behavior. And the Pharisees fully expected to be granted entry to heaven based on their own personal goodness. But the point that Jesus was trying to make to Nicodemus was that righteousness comes through faith, and not through behavior. Nicodemus still didn’t get it, and Jesus replied, “You are Israel’s teacher, and you do not understand these things?” Jesus seems almost surprised that Nicodemus is having a hard time understanding what He is trying to teach. After all, the Hebrew Bible is filled with passages that Peter echoed when he spoke of his kingdom strategy. All the way back in Genesis 15 when Abraham encountered God for the first time, the text tells us that “Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness”. It wasn’t Abrahams actions that made him righteous before God, it was his faith. Habakkuk 2 tells us that “The righteous person will live by his faithfulness”. And Psalm 32, Speaking of King David says, “Blessed is the one whose sin the Lord does not count against them and in whose spirit is no deceit.” Somehow, the Pharisees had misunderstood the true source of righteousness. This misunderstanding was the source of their difficulties with Jesus, and ultimately, their inability to grasp the kingdom way of thinking would lead to His crucifixion. One would think that the words of Psalm 14 would have helped the Pharisees to see the source of their error. Psalm 14:2-3 “The Lord looks down from heaven on all mankind to see if there are any who understand, any who seek God. All have turned away, all have become corrupt; there is no one who does good, not even one.” But in spite of all, that the Hebrew Bible teaches about faithfulness being entirely a product of God’s grace, the Pharisees still believed that their rigid obedience to the law would make them right before God. For the Pharisees, and for Nicodemus, it was all about the worldly precept of “If I’m a good person, that’s all that matters”. But Jesus wasn’t ready to give up on Nicodemus. Jesus continued to try to teach Nicodemus that righteousness isn’t about what we do, it’s about who we are, or more accurately, about whose we are. Our righteousness is a gift to us from God, given through the Holy Spirit, as a direct result of our faith in Jesus Christ. It’s not something that we will ever earn. It’s a gift.
The good news from our story today is that it appears that Nicodemus eventually did understand. In John 7, as the Jewish authorities were beginning to openly oppose Jesus, Nicodemus stood up and asked the assembly, “Does our law condemn a man without first hearing him to find out what he has been doing?” This was a bold move by Nicodemus as he was speaking in opposition to the Sanhedrin that was, by now, quite antagonistic towards Jesus. Even more bold was Nicodemus’s joining with Joseph of Arimathea to ask for the body of Jesus after He was crucified and bringing with him 100 pounds of embalming spices. I think it is probably fair to say that as far as Nicodemus was concerned, Jesus made His point.
So, how about us? Has Jesus made His point with us? Are we following the world’s way of thinking that all that matters is if we are good people? Or are we understanding that OUR faithfulness is built not on what we do but on who we are in Christ? Here is how it works. Most instances of the word “sin” in the Bible are translated from the Greek word ἁμαρτία (hamartia), and ἁμαρτία is a word that an archer would use if they shot their arrow and hit the target but missed the bullseye. It is a word that means a missing of the mark or a failure to meet a set standard. And it is a word that could appropriately be translated as “imperfection”. Now, if the Biblical standard for righteousness is perfection (and it is) then what would it take to be sinless? Being sinless would require us to be completely Christ-like all the time. Any failure to be exactly Christ-like is an imperfection, or ἁμαρτία, or sin. Now, perfection simply isn’t possible for us. But God knows this, and He doesn’t expect the impossible from us. All He asks of us is that we recognize that His way is the right way. God calls us to believe in Him. And when we do that, God sends His Holy Spirit to live in us, and His Spirit, over time, will transform who we are. As God’s Spirit guides us what happens is that our values and are goals will align with God’s values and goals. That which is important to God becomes important to us. We will share His likes and His dislikes, and ultimately our behavior will change, not out of a desire for reward or out of fear of reprisal, but because the new person that we become will begin to reflect the personality of Jesus who is our guide and our example. Goodness is not the goal. Relationship with God is the goal, goodness is simply a by-product of that relationship.
This is who we are as Christians. An imperfect people who have chosen to believe in God, and have chosen to allow God, through the Holy Spirit, to transform us into a people whose hearts look like God’s heart.